Bhagavad Gita BG 11.22
Chapter 11, Verse 22 — Meaning, Translation & Explanation
रुद्रादित्या वसवो ये च साध्या विश्वेऽश्विनौ मरुतश्चोष्मपाश्च । गन्धर्वयक्षासुरसिद्धसङ्घा वीक्षन्ते त्वां विस्मिताश्चैव सर्वे ॥
rudradiya vasavo ye ca sadhya vishve 'shvinau marutos coshmapash ca gandharva-yaksha-sura-siddha-sangha vikshante tvam vismitash caiva sarve
Meaning
The Rudras, Adityas, Vasus, Sadhyas, Vishvadevas, the two Ashvins, Maruts, Ushmapas, and hosts of Gandharvas, Yakshas, Asuras, and Siddhas — all (sarve) gaze upon You in wonder (vismitah).
Understanding
The comprehensive divine witness-list: Rudra (cosmic dissolvers), Aditya (solar deities, twelve), Vasavah (eight elemental Vasus), Sadhyah (a class of celestial deities), Vishvedevah (universal gods, a group), Ashvinau (divine twin physicians), Marutah (wind deities), Ushmpah (the fire-drinking ancestors), and the four groups: Gandharva-sangha (celestial musicians), Yaksha-sangha (nature-spirits and wealth-guardians), Asura-sangha (the opposing forces, demons), Siddha-sangha (perfected ones/adepts). Together these cover the ENTIRE spectrum of conscious beings in the cosmos — from the highest gods to the opposing forces. And all of them — vismitah (wonder-struck) — gaze upon the form. The Vishvarupa commands the wonder of all cosmic beings equally, regardless of their alignment.
Word by Word
| Word | IAST | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| साध्याः | sadhyah | Sadhyas — a class of celestial deities (achievable/accomplished ones) |
| विश्वे | vishve | Vishvadevas — the universal/all-gods (a specific group of celestials) |
| उष्मपाः | oshmapah | Ushmapas — the fire-drinking ancestral spirits (ushma = heat, pa = drinker) |
| असुरसिद्धसङ्घाः | asura-siddha-sanghah | hosts of Asuras (demons/opposing forces) and Siddhas (perfected ones) |
| वीक्षन्ते | vikshante | gaze upon, look at with directed attention |
| विस्मिताः | vismitah | wonder-struck, filled with astonishment (vi + smita = beyond smiling, into wonder) |
| रुद्र | rudra | the Rudras |
| आदित्याः | ādityāḥ | the Adityas |
| वसवः | vasavaḥ | the Vasus |
| ये | ye | those who |
| च | ca | and |
| साध्याः | sādhyāḥ | the Sadhyas |
| विश्वे | viśve | the Vishvadevas |
| अश्विनौ | aśvinau | the twin Ashvins |
| मरुतः | marutaḥ | the Maruts |
| च | ca | and |
| उष्मपाः | uṣmapāḥ | the Ushmapas (ancestors) |
| गन्धर्व-यक्ष-असुर-सिद्ध-संघाः | gandharva-yakṣa-asura-siddha-saṃghāḥ | hosts of Gandharvas, Yakshas, Asuras and Siddhas |
| वीक्षन्ते | vīkṣante | they behold, they gaze at |
| त्वाम् | tvām | You |
| विस्मिताः | vismitāḥ | amazed, astounded |
| च | ca | and |
| एव | eva | indeed |
| सर्वे | sarve | all |