Bhagavad Gita BG 10.29
Chapter 10, Verse 29 — Meaning, Translation & Explanation
अनन्तश्चास्मि नागानां वरुणो यादसामहम् । पितृ़णामर्यमा चास्मि यमः संयमतामहम् ॥
anantash casmi naganam varuno yadasam aham pitrnam aryama casmi yamah samyamatam aham
Meaning
Among serpents (naga) I am Ananta (Shesha); among water-beings (yadasa) I am Varuna; among the ancestors (pitri) I am Aryaman; among restrainers/enforcers I am Yama.
Understanding
Four vibhutis spanning the cosmic realms of serpents, water, ancestors, and cosmic law: (1) Naganam Anantah — among the great serpents (nagas), I am Ananta (Shesha), the infinite serpent upon whom Vishnu reclines — the cosmic serpent that holds the worlds. Ananta means 'without end.' (2) Yadasam Varunah — among water-beings, I am Varuna, the ancient Vedic god of cosmic order, the guardian of rita (cosmic law), associated with the waters and the setting sun. (3) Pitrnam Aryama — among the pitris (ancestors, those who have gone to the ancestral realm), I am Aryaman, the head of the pitris, the one who ensures proper ancestral rites. (4) Samyamatam Yamah — among those who enforce/restrain, I am Yama, the god of death and dharmic judgment.
Word by Word
| Word | IAST | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| अनन्तः | anantah | Ananta (Shesha) — the infinite serpent, without end (a + anta = no end) |
| नागानाम् | naganam | among the nagas (great serpents) |
| वरुणः | varunah | Varuna — the Vedic god of cosmic order and the waters |
| पितॄणाम् | pitrnam | among the ancestors (pitris — the departed souls in the ancestral realm) |
| अर्यमा | aryama | Aryaman — head of the ancestors, guardian of ancestral rites |
| संयमताम् | samyamatam | among those who restrain, among enforcers of order |
| अनन्तः | anantaḥ | Ananta (Shesha, the infinite serpent) |
| च | ca | and |
| अस्मि | asmi | I am |
| नागानाम् | nāgānām | of the Nagas |
| वरुणः | varuṇaḥ | Varuna (god of water) |
| यादसाम् | yādasām | of aquatics |
| अहम् | aham | I am |
| पितॄणाम् | pitṝṇām | of the ancestors |
| अर्यमा | aryamā | Aryama (chief of ancestors) |
| च | ca | and |
| अस्मि | asmi | I am |
| यमः | yamaḥ | Yama (god of death) |
| संयमताम् | saṃyamatām | of those who control |
| अहम् | aham | I am |
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